Pasif Cümlelerde by Kullanımı
Pasif cümlelerde genellikle eylemin oluşuyla ilgilenilir. Örneğin:
- The missing child has been found.
- German is spoken in Austria.
Eğer eylemi yapanın kim olduğundan söz edeceksek, by kullanırız:
- The missing child was found by a French family.
- Urdu is spoken by a lot of people in London.
- Thousands of fish were killed by the chemicals.
Aşağıdaki örnek cümleleri inceleyelim:
- The name of the new school is being decided by a committee of parents and governers.
- Most of the cost of universisty education is paid by the government.
- I'm being taught how to use a computer by granddaughter.
- The window was broken by a tree that fell over in the storm.
Pasif soru cümlelerinde ise şu yapıyı tercih ederiz:
- Who... by?
- I really like the statue in the square. Who was it made by?
- Who were you invited by?
Aşağıdaki cümlelerde Who ...by? soru yapısını inceleyelim:
- Look at this beautiful photo.(take)
- Dune is my favorite science fiction book. (write) Who was it written by?
- Do you remember that song Over the Rainbow? (sing) Who was it sung by?
- That is a wonderful picture. (paint) Who was it painted by?
- Casablanca is the greatest film of all time. (direct) Who was it directed by?
- Our village school is a beautiful building. (build) Who was it built by?
- I really like the name of the new school. (choose) Who was it chosen by?